The best road cycling routes around Sant'Eusanio Forconese

Historical tidbit: the pope who said 'no' The pontificate of Pope Celestine V lasted only five months. The simple hermit did not feel at all at home amidst the political intrigues and corruption of Rome. That is why he made a decision that was unprecedented at the time: he voluntarily resigned from his office to return to his humble life in the mountains. He thus became the first pope in history to abdicate of his own accord. After his death, his body was interred in the Basilica of Collemaggio. His impressive crystal mausoleum can still be admired there today. A special link with Pope Benedict XVI After the severe earthquake that struck L'Aquila in 2009, Pope Benedict XVI visited the heavily damaged basilica. At the tomb of Celestine V, he silently laid down his own pallium, the woolen shoulder band he had received at his papal inauguration. At that moment, it seemed like a subdued tribute to his predecessor. Only four years later did this gesture take on a deeper meaning. In 2013, Benedict XVI himself voluntarily resigned as pope, the first since the late Middle Ages. His symbolic tribute to Celestine V proved, in retrospect, to be a remarkable harbinger of his own historic decision. Thus, centuries after Celestine V's abdication, the Basilica of Collemaggio once again closed a special chapter in papal history.

The Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio is undoubtedly the architectural and spiritual jewel of L'Aquila. Located at the end of an impressive green lawn just outside the city walls, this 13th-century church combines a unique Abruzzian Romanesque-Gothic style with a history that forever changed the Catholic Church. The history of the basilica is closely linked to Pietro da Morrone, a devout hermit who had retreated to the remote mountains of Abruzzo. According to tradition, the Virgin Mary appeared to him with the instruction to build a church on the hill of Collemaggio. Construction began in 1287. A few years later, in 1294, the Church found itself in a deep crisis. After the death of the pope, the cardinals had failed to elect a successor for more than two years. Finally, they appointed the simple hermit Pietro as a compromise. To everyone's surprise, he accepted the choice and was crowned Pope Celestine V in this basilica – and not in Rome. Shortly after his coronation, Celestine V issued the "Bulla del Perdono", a papal bull that granted believers full forgiveness of their sins if, with sincere repentance, they passed through the Holy Door (Porta Santa) of the basilica on August 28 or 29. This created the very first Holy Year or Jubilee in the history of the Catholic Church, six years before Rome introduced its own official jubilee. This special tradition, known as "La Perdonanza Celestiniana", is still celebrated every year and has been recognized as intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Explanation for the difference in the number of gargoyles! One of the most striking facts about the Fontana delle 99 Cannelle is that the fountain has 99 water jets, but only 93 sculpted mask heads. According to legend, L'Aquila was founded by 99 villages, but historical research indicates that there were actually 93. Therefore, in 1272, architect Tancredi da Pentima equipped the fountain with 93 stone masks. To later complete the famous legend of the 99, six additional gargoyles without mask faces were added. According to tradition, these six simple spouts refer to the six wounds of Christ. Thus, the fountain is not only a magnificent monument, but also a unique blend of history, symbolism, and legend. Moreover, for many visitors, it remains a fun challenge to count all 99 water jets themselves.

In L'Aquila, a rich medieval past effortlessly merges with admirable modern resilience. The proud capital of Abruzzo rises in full glory and is best discovered on foot. Wandering through the atmospheric streets, you'll encounter one architectural treasure after another. For example, start at the iconic Fontana delle 99 Cannelle, where 99 mystical stone masks continuously spout water. Climbing further up, you'll reach the massive 16th-century Forte Spagnolo. From this impressive fortress, you can enjoy a sweeping view of the rugged, often snow-capped peaks of the Gran Sasso massif. The city's rich history is also palpable in the many beautifully restored palazzi and churches. For instance, the Basilica di San Bernardino overwhelms every visitor with a breathtaking baroque ceiling adorned with gold leaf. After all the cultural immersion, lively squares like Piazza del Duomo invite you for a well-deserved break. It's the perfect place to enjoy the local cuisine and a good glass of Abruzzese wine at an outdoor cafe. As a grand finale, the Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio should not be missed. This striking, pink-and-white checkered church houses a true world first: the very first Holy Door in the world. Thanks to the central, free parking facilities just outside the city walls, this compact art city is the ideal destination for a carefree and inspiring cultural walking holiday.

The Forte Spagnolo (also known as Castello Cinquecentesco) is one of the most impressive 16th-century military strongholds of Central and Southern Italy. Although it is a defensive work, its true historical significance lies in the fact that it was never built to protect the city, but rather to suppress it. After the Spanish threat diminished over time, the complex successively served as the residence of the Spanish governor, barracks for French troops in the 19th century, and headquarters for the German occupier during World War II. In 1902, it was officially declared a national monument. Shortly after World War II, it became the home of the National Museum of Abruzzo (MuNDA). Since the devastating earthquake of 2009, the fort has been undergoing a lengthy and complex restoration, but it remains one of the most impressive symbols of the city when viewed from the outside.

The monumental Scalinata di San Bernardino in L'Aquila is one of the most characteristic and photogenic urban elements of the city. This wide, stately staircase connects the lower Via Fortebraccio with the higher Piazza di San Bernardino. Origin and architecture (16th century) Simultaneous construction: the staircase was built in the 16th century, at the same time as the Renaissance facade of the Basilica di San Bernardino (designed by architect Cola dell'Amatrice between 1525 and 1542). It served as the perfect extension of the religious complex. Urban planning purpose: the staircase had two functions. Practically, it was intended to connect the lower districts around the city walls with the centre. Aesthetically, it created a theatrical and baroque visual axis; pilgrims coming from below saw the monumental church facade slowly tower above them. Imposing dimensions: The staircase is no less than 30 metres wide and 68 metres long. The steps were deliberately designed to be very low and deep, so that large groups of worshippers and processions could comfortably ascend the slope. Striking features and details. The watchtowers: at the beginning (bottom) and end (top) of the staircase are a total of four small, robust turrets (torrette) that flank the staircase and give it a slightly military or monumental character. The edicolae: along the sides of the staircase are three stone niches or chapels (edicole) per side. These historically served during religious festivals and processions.

Parco del Castello & Forte Spagnolo – the green oasis of L'Aquila Fancy a peaceful break during your walk through L'Aquila? Then be sure to visit Parco del Castello, the city's largest city park. The park surrounds the imposing 16th-century Forte Spagnolo and combines history, nature, and beautiful views. Take a walk around the wide, dry castle moat and admire the impressive fortress walls. The shady paths under ancient pines and cedars make this a wonderful place to relax for a while. On the north side of the park, you will be rewarded with a magnificent panorama of the rugged Gran Sasso massif. Those who also visit the fort will discover a special surprise there: the almost completely intact skeleton of a prehistoric mammoth (Elephas antiquus), which was excavated in the vicinity of L'Aquila in 1954. An ideal stopover where nature, history, and culture come together.

Did you know that the Fontana delle 99 Cannelle legend says it has 99 gargoyles, in tribute to the 99 villages that founded L'Aquila? Those who look closely will see stone masks above the gargoyles, which according to tradition represent castle lords or protective spirits. It is striking that there are only 93 mask heads. Historians believe that the remaining six gargoyles were added later to complete the symbolic number 99. The fountain dates back to 1272, and its five water basins were formerly used as a wash place. Numerous legends also circulate around the fountain: for example, the architect is said to have taken the secret of the water source to his grave, and knights would have ritually cleansed themselves here before entering the Basilica di Collemaggio.