Attractions and Places To See around Parque Natural da Arrábida - Top 20

These were the "mills" of old, moved by the wind, heavy granite millstones, transformed wheat seeds into flour from which delicious bread was made, which "satisfied" the hunger of those who had little to eat.

Built in the 18th century, it is an eye-catcher with its baroque architecture and the typical blue and white tiles in which some icons were also kept.

Great View!

At the top of the Serra do Louro stand the windmills which, in the not so distant past, were an important industry for processing cereals. The force of the wind hits the open sails, turning an axle, which in turn transmits the rotation to a limestone stone that rotates on another fixed one. These stones, called "millstones", receive the cereal grains between them, transforming them into flour.

For many centuries, the Portuguese coast was known to foreign ships, especially English ones, as the “black coast”, as there was no lighting system to aid navigation. At the end of the 18th century, the Marquis of Pombal ordered the construction of a network of lighthouses to make it safer, including the one at Cabo Espichel, one of the oldest in Portugal, built in 1790.

The project for a modern fortification to defend this stretch of the Portuguese coast dates back to the 14th century, with the construction of the Fort of Santiago do Outão, intended to control the entrance to the river bar and access to the medieval town. Aiming to expand this defense, during the reign of D. João III (1521-1557), Brás Dias was given a regiment to be the administrator of the works of the Plaza and Castle of Setúbal (July 31, 1526). Financial difficulties, which even led to the abandonment of overseas positions in North Africa (Fortress of Azamor, Fortress of Arzila, Fortress of Alcácer-Ceguer and Fortress of Safim), may have delayed the development of these works. Dating back to the time of the Philippine dynasty, its relevance is demonstrated by the fact that the sovereign Philip I (1580-1598) himself attended in person, in 1582, the laying of the foundation stone of the new fortification, designed by the Italian architect and military engineer Filippo Terzi (1520-1597). This engineer worked on the works until mid-1594, when he signed a plan and section of the fortification (8 July 1594), which was sent to the Spanish War Council. After his death, the military engineer and architect from Cremona, Leonardo Torriani, was appointed to carry out the works, and they were completed in 1600. In the context of the restoration of independence, during the reign of King John IV (1640-1656), the Governor of Arms of Setúbal, João de Saldanha, expanded this defence by adding a low battery between 1649 and 1655. It is believed that this new structure was intended to make up for the lack of artillery in covering river access to the port. In the 18th century, the chapel inside acquired its tile covering, designed by Policarpo de Oliveira Bernardes (1736). During the Pombaline consulship (1750-1777), it was not immune to the earthquake of 1755 and was used as a School of Artillerymen. In the mid-19th century, a fire destroyed the Casa do Comando, then the residence of the Governor of Arms of Setúbal.

The Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal, also referred to as the São Filipe Castle or the São Filipe Fortress, is in the city of Setúbal in the Setúbal District, of Portugal. The fort was built on the orders of Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal), who personally witnessed the laying of the cornerstone of the new fortification in 1582. It stands in a dominant position on the right bank of the mouth of the Sado River, overlooking the centre of Setúbal to its east and guarding access to the river. Named after the king during the Iberian Union, the fortress was designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino and had the Italian military engineer Filipe Terzi, who worked for the Spanish Royal Court, as its chief engineer. It was completed in 1600 under the guidance of Leonardo Torreano due to the death of Terzi.

There is news that as early as 1430 the brotherhood of Our Lady of the Cape had installed a lighthouse that was the predecessor of the current lighthouse. The current tower was inaugurated in 1790, in 1865 it was fueled by oil, changing fuel in 1886, when its light began to be powered by incandescent petroleum vapour and, much later in 1926, by electricity. In 1983 this lighthouse had a lighting device installed, called a first order, which emitted light in groups of four white flashes, instead of the old fixed light system. With this new system it now had a luminous range of twenty-eight nautical miles (forty-five kilometres). The support structure for the lighthouse was extended to the sides around 1900. In 1947 a new era in terms of lighting was entered. An aero-maritime optical device was installed, which had previously been in service with the Cabo da Roca Lighthouse. This new dioptic - catadioptic optic called fourth order, a large model, has a focal length of thirty centimeters, producing single flashes, now with a luminous range of forty-two nautical miles (about sixty-seven kilometers).