The best gravel rides around Pépieux

• The beginnings (1901): The father, Léon Camman, sent his newly graduated son Joseph to the Étang de Marseillette, where the family held financial shares. Joseph took over the management and gradually acquired around 800 of the total 2,000 hectares of the area. • The Naudy hydroelectric power plant (1912): To operate the complex drainage and irrigation system on a large scale, Joseph Camman designed and built his own small hydroelectric power plant. • Electric plowing: Thanks to the energy generated, Camman revolutionized local agriculture. He introduced electric plowing, which allowed the huge, often heavy and crusted soils of the former lake bed to be mechanically deep-plowed and cultivated. • Infrastructure development: The family systematically built paths, bridges, and access roads to connect the agricultural estates (metaories) with each other and to enable the transport of harvests.

The Camman era (1900–1941) marks the phase of technological modernization and industrialization of the drained Étang de Marseillette. After the land had been divided among many small farmers in the 19th century and the canals had fallen into disrepair due to a lack of coordination, this family brought back the necessary structure and innovation

Although she successfully drained the swamp water and made the land arable, her financial resources were ultimately not enough to solve the soil's biggest problem: the salt. The later project of diverting fresh river water from the Aude via a tunnel to wash the salty soil had to be completed later by successor companies.

• Origin and status: Marie Anne came from the influential Irish-Catholic Coppinger family. After her husband's death, she possessed a considerable fortune. • The purchase of the Etang (1804): During the Napoleonic era, she acquired the vast swamp area as "national property" (domaine national). The authorities gave her a four-year deadline to have the body of water completely drained in order to protect the health of the local population (who suffered from malaria) and to gain new arable land. • The mammoth task: Together with her son, she led a gigantic construction project. She invested almost her entire fortune in the construction of kilometers of drainage canals and ditches

Madame Lawless (born Marie Anne Coppinger) was a wealthy Irish widow who played a decisive role in the history of the Minervois at the beginning of the 19th century. She went down in history as the woman who, from 1804 onwards, succeeded in permanently draining the uninhabitable and disease-ridden swamp of the Étang de Marseillette and transforming it into a fertile agricultural area.

The site is also part of a protected natural area (ZNIEFF) due to its rich biodiversity, hosting numerous bird species (herons, egrets, ducks) attracted by this aquatic and agricultural environment.

Today, the pond is criss-crossed by dozens of kilometers of drainage and irrigation canals. This network has allowed for the development of crops that are very surprising for the Mediterranean region: • Rice: Rice fields thrive in the heart of the Aude. • Vines: Which produce wines with a unique character, influenced by the salt still present in the subsoil. • Apples: Large orchards cover part of the plain

It was finally at the beginning of the 19th century, from 1804 onwards, that the project succeeded thanks to the initiative of an Irish woman, Madame Lawless. Later, in the middle of the 19th century, the digging of a tunnel of more than 2 kilometers made it possible to bring water from the Aude to irrigate the pond and, above all, to wash out the salt accumulated in the soil. At the beginning of the 20th century, the engineer Joseph Camman modernized the site by creating, in particular, the Naudy hydroelectric plant to mechanize the work of the land.